At the meeting he delivered "Chinese Culture and Science and Technology", an academic report evoking warm responses and profound thinking among 4000-odd professionals at the meeting.

In his report, Yang analyzed science and technology developments in the 20th century, predicted situation in the coming 30 years, and put forward plans for educational reform in China to meet international competition.

Many things, he said, such as telephone, radio, mobile phone, man-made satellite, heart by-pass surgery and organ transplant are all too familiar today but were just unknown 200 years ago. During the past 200 years, world productive forces had been tremendously emancipated thanks to an industrialization process. Two hundred years ago, over 80 percent of the world population were engaged in agricultural production. However, the total assets of US scientific and technological corporate establishments founded in recent 30 years totaled about US$1 trillion, according to Fortune, an accumulation speed unimaginable at the beginning of the century, not to say 200 years ago. It is the result of interactive influences of science, industry and economy that has boosted world production and this is to be all the more so in the coming new century.

Why could science and technology see a fast growth in the past 50 years? There are many reasons. People had been assured of the prowess of radar and atomic bombs used in WWII and further brought home the impacts of technology on future productive forces. The United States had lost no time in founding its National Lab, Natural Sciences Foundation and Fund for National Security after WWII. Other countries followed suit and established similar institutions, which has directly pushed forward the world technology development.

Another reason is that sci-tech progress has exerted a greater and greater influence on world economy, forcing various corporate giants such as IBM of the United States and Legend of China to continuously increase their technological input.

Academic achievements also help an accelerated industrial progress. Take development of physics in the 20th century for example, it has brought about a booming semiconductor industry and a rising computer industry.

By the 1950s, following intensive studies in the structure of human genes, biology gradually took the place of physics. As a discipline closely connected with people's health, it has been widely considered as a leading branch of sciences in the new era.

When talking about the relations between science and technology and economy, Yang said that in the past 100 years scientific achievements had been transformed into productivity at a faster and faster speed. For instance, it took 65 years to transform television theory into actual products, and a period of 35 years for radio, 18 years for X-ray, 5 years for radar, and only 2 years for laser. Ties between science, industry and economy would be more visible within 20 or 30 years in the future.

How are things in the world 30 years later? It is difficult to predict because all things develop rapidly, this is just as people in the early 20th century couldn't tell today's technological advance. However, an outline for the future 30 years still remains possible. The trend of globalization will continue to develop and computers will be used in every aspect of people's life. Much success has also been registered in developing telecommunications and bioengineering, which will establish themselves as a powerful engine for world economy.

Also, a change has been made in some academic definitions. It is said that people will have a life span of 150 years by 2050, a statement yet to be proved. But what we know for sure will be a prolonged human life, a growth of population and increased consumption by people. New problems will inevitably arise such as energy resource supply, biology and environmental protection in addition to a wide range of scientific subjects to be studied.

There will still remain such a point: How to adjust the existing educational system to meet international challenge?

Yang tells the differences in educational philosophy between Asian countries and the United States: American education encourages diversified interests and active imaginations. Students are told to believe in themselves and solve problems in their own way. While Asian students are taught to focus on a certain subject and do things in a cautious manner. American students are a self-confident complacent group and don't like to seem shallow. While Asian students are so modest that sometimes they become yielding in face of difficulties and challenge.

Both educational methods have advantages and disadvantages, Yang concluded. He hopes China's education reformers would learn something good from the United States and make the next generation more ready, more active to meet challenges in the 21st century.

(People's Daily 09/28/2000)