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Lesson
Dì sì shí sān kè wèn chēng wèi yǔ chēng hū
第四十三课
问称谓与称呼
Lesson Forty-three Addressing a Chinese Person
How one addresses a Chinese person can be a complicated exercise. Considerations to be taken into account include relationship and age. But, in case of doubt, the word "comrade" is still used in China and, more important, is of universal application.
Mài kè: Lì li, zhōng wén de "ài rén" shì shén me yì si?
麦克: 丽丽,中文的“爱人”是什么意思?
Mike: What does "ai ren" mean?
Lì li: "Ài rén" shì qī zǐ huò zhàng fu de yì si.
丽丽: “爱人”是妻子或丈夫的意思。
Lili: It means spouse.
Mài kè: Míng bai le. Wŏ zĕn me chēng hū nĭ zhàng fu?
麦克: 明白了。我怎么称呼你丈夫?
Mike: I see. So, how should I address your husband?
Lì li: Jiào xiān sheng jiù kĕ yĭ.
丽丽: 叫先生就可以。
Lili: You can say "xiān sheng".
Mai ke: Rén men chēng nián qīng fū fù wéi xiăo liăng kŏu, shì ma?
麦克: 人们称年轻夫妇为小俩口,是吗?
Mike: A young couple is referred to as "xiăo liăng kŏu", right?
Li li: Shì de. Lăo nián fū fù wéi lăo liăng kŏu.
丽丽: 是的。老年夫妇为老俩口。
Lili: Yes. And "lăo liăng kŏu" for a more senior or elderly couple.
Mài kè: Duì lăo nián fū fù yĕ chēng hū lăo bànr, shì ma?
麦克: 对老年夫妇也称呼老伴儿,是吗?
Mike: Aren't elderly couples referred to as "lăo bànr"?
Li li: Shì de. Zhè shì yì zhŏng nì chēng.
丽丽: 是的。这是一种昵称。
Lili: Yes. But that is a more intimate form of address.
Mài kè: "Tóng zhì" zhè gè cí hái yòng ma?
麦克: “同志”这个词还用吗?
Mike: Is the word "comrade" still used?
Lì li: Yòng. Bú guò "xiān shēng" hé "nǚ shì" yòng de yĕ hĕn duō.
丽丽: 用。不过“先生”和“女士”用得也很多。
Lili: Yes, it is. But "Sir" and "Madam" are also used.
称呼 chēng hūto address someone 爱人 ài réna term of endearment one uses to refer to his/her spouse
妻子 qī zǐ: wife 丈夫 zhàng fuhusband
先生 xiān shengMister; Sir 女士 nǚ shìMiss; Madam
夫妇 fū fùa married couple; husband and wife 年轻 nián qīngyoung
老年 lăo niánsenior, elderly 小俩口 xiăo liăng kŏua young couple
老俩口 lăo liăng kŏua senior/elderly couple 昵称 nì chēngan intimate address, a pet name
同志 tóng zhìcomrade
wèn chēng wèi chēng
Zhōng guó rén de chēng wèi chēng wéi jiăng jiu qiě
, wăng wăng yào kăo dào guān nián líng .
jiān de chēng wèi shū miàn tōng cháng yòng " zhàng fu "
" " ; kǒu duō yòng " ài rén ".
”。
Dàn duì rén zhī duō zūn chēng wéi " ren " .
Wăn bèi duì zhăng bèi zhōng de rèn rén jué duì zhí
míng . Tóng bèi zhī jiān yŏu zhăng yòu zhī
fēn , nián yòu de duì nión zhăng de zhí míng.
名。
Zhōng guó shè huì chéng yuán zhī jiān de chēng , shè
dào mào , děng , míng fèn zhí ,
qīn shŭ chēng wèi yǒu guān , suí míng .
Tóng xué , tóng líng tóng shì huò tóng líng péng yǒu zhī jiān ,
yòng quán míng xiāng chēng ; hăo yǒu zhī jiān shèn zhì yòng
chēng huo chuo hao xiāng chēng , shì guān xi zhī qiè .
Zài zhōng guó , " tóng zhì " réng rán bèi guăng fàn
广
shǐ yòng , guò jīn " xiăo jiě ", " tài tai ",
使 ”、 ”、
" xiān sheng " děng chēng yuè lái yuè duō . Bìng shì
suǒ yǒu de hūn dōu shǐ yòng zhàng fu de xìng .
使
duō zhōng guó jié hūn hòu réng shǐ yòng
使
de xìng .
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 Yī gŭ zuò qì

一 鼓 作 气
Literally, it means to rouse the spirits with the first beats of the drum. It is now used to mean: To do something in one go; to get something done in one sustained and concentrated effort

Dà jiàng fēng dù

【 大 将 风 度 】

Having the qualities of a great commander; the poise of a great general

Dà kuài rén xīn

【 大 快 人 心 】

Describes something that is the most gratifying to the people or is to the immense satisfaction of the people

Xiăo xīn yì yì

【 小 心 翼 翼 】

With the utmost care; with extreme caution

Xiăo rén dé zhì

【 小 人 得 志 】

Describes a situation where a mean-spirited person, a bigot or hypocrite is in a position of power and control

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Sài
shàng
tīng
chuī
Xuĕ jìng tiān huán,
还,
Yuè míng qiāng shù lóu jiān.
间。
Jiè wèn méi huā chù luò,
落,
Fēng chuī măn guān shān.
山。
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Quán tou chăn pǐn
拳头产品 High quality product/s
Jià rì jīng jì
假日经济 Holiday economics. Refers to business peak periods which are usually holiday and festive seasons
Rè mén huà tí
热门话题 A popular topic; a subject of topical interest
Hōng dòng xiào yīng
轰动效应 A sensational effect
gōng zhòng rén wù
公众人物 A public figure; someone in the public eye
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Guò qiáo mǐ xiàn
过 桥 米 线
Rice-flour noodles in soup (a local delicacy of Yunnan Province)
Bō luó chăo fàn
菠 萝 炒 饭
Pineapple fried rice
Xiān xiā hún tun
鲜 虾 馄 饨
Shrimp wonton soup
Sān xiān yuán băo
三 鲜 元 宝
Seafood dumplings
Gā lí jī fàn
咖 哩 鸡 饭
Curry chicken rice
Xiāng jiāo sōng bǐng
香 蕉 松 饼
Banana pancake
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tóu
(head)
liăn
(face)
yăn
(eye)
(nose)
ĕr
(ear)
zuǐ
(mouth)
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